NFEH invites nominations for environment … – Pakistan News

May 19th, 2013 - 

Posted about 11 hours ago | Onepakistannews

KARACHI :? National Forum for Environment and Health (NFEH) has invited nominations for 10th? Annual Environment Excellence Awards (AEEA 2013) to industries and other business organizations following environment friendly guidelines and performance for promoting the cause of pollution-free environment.

This was announced by Chairman NFEH Dr Kaiser Waheed and Secretary Award Committee Ruqiya Naeem in the meeting of NFEH Advisory Committee held at NFEH Office. He said awards were instituted 10 years ago and have lured a very enthusiastic response from the industry. These awards have become the benchmark for the standards that need to be followed. The AEEA are designed to recognize and promote the organizations which make an outstanding contribution towards sustainable development.

They aim to highlight policies, practices, processes and products from all sectors of business in the country, which help achieve economic and social development without damaging environment and natural resources, he added

He said Governor Sindh, Federal Minister, Provincial Minister on Environment and representative of United Nations would also participate in the event. On this occasion, a special edition of Monthly Energy Update Magazine highlighting the role of award winning organizations would also be distributed among the participants.

On 10th Year celebrations, a environment gallery is being organized schools. NGO S ,Environmental projects, green energy project .environmental products will be displayed their projects and products .in the gallery. to appreciate civil society , schools , media and environmentalist will be honored.

Interested organizations may obtain the criteria of AEEA Form from NFEH office by JUNE 07, 2013, and submission date is June 7, 2013.

Source: http://pakistan.onepakistan.com.pk/news/breaking/211692-nfeh-invites-nominations-for-environment-excellence-awards.html

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A dozen injured in shooting at New Orleans Mother?s Day parade

May 14th, 2013 - 


>>> you about some breaking news right now. there are some local news reports down in new orleans, several people have been shot, 12 people, according to local news reports, at least 12 people shot at a mother’s day parade there. three of the folks who were shot are in critical condition. again, 12 people shot in new orleans at a mother’s day parade. this is some breaking news that we’re following down there. the youngest victim in that shooting, according to local news reports, the youngest victim, 10 years old. we’ll continue to follow that story and we will pass along new information as it becomes available.

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653381/s/2bd21a90/l/0Lvideo0Bmsnbc0Bmsn0N0Cid0C51860A589/story01.htm

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iOS 7 and my continued, unrequited desire for a Files.app!

May 13th, 2013 - 

Every year, for the last three years, I’ve asked Apple to consider what amounts to a Files.app and FilePicker control in iOS. It would be analogous to the Photos.app and ImagePicker control, but allow us to easily find, and easily open, all the documents we use on all our iPhones and iPads, every day. Now, on the eve of iOS 7, the need for better file handling — not filesystem! — remains, and if anything has become even more urgent. In a post-iCloud, post Steve Jobs and Scott Forstall world, how can Apple address it?

No filesystem but no real alternative

At the risk of making it obnoxiously clear, I don’t think iOS needs a filesystem. Dropbox is a filesystem and while it’s fantastic at what it does, it’s the past, not the future. Apple doesn’t seem to think iOS needs a filesystem either, but they haven’t provided what’s needed to make filesystems obsolete yet either. Hence, Dropbox. From Stuck between the Dropbox that was and the iCloud that isn’t yet:

The [current iOS] architecture is unnecessarily dependent on apps. If I create a document in Text Editor 1, not only do I have to remember the document I created but, if I want to access it again, I also have to remember the app I created it in. If I later switch to a much better Text Editor 2, my document doesn’t switch with me. I have to either copy and paste every document from Text Editor 1 into Text Editor 2, or keep a list of which documents are where. That’s a non-trivial amount of cognitive overhead. If at some point I move on to Text Editor 3, or delete (or switch devices and don’t re-install) Text Editor 1, it gets even worse. I have to track my documents over multiple access points, and perhaps even re-install old apps just to get back to the documents locked inside. It’s a mess.

Decoupled, documents that present themselves to any app that supports editing their type, and apps that simply pull any document whose type they support, would be much simpler and better. A smart version of a document picker would remove the cognitive burden from users and let the system do all the heavy lifting.

Apple doesn’t seem to think iOS needs a filesystem either, but they haven’t provided what’s needed to make filesystems obsolete yet either.

In a world with a Files.app, you’d just tap its icon on the Home screen, tap the type of document you want (the way you tap an album in Photos.app), and go to your document. Then you tap the document and choose where you want to open it. Conversely, you could open any document app — text editor, presenter, spreadsheet, etc. — tap the open button, and FilePicker would present you with every file (including iCloud files) that can be opened by that app. Again, with the ability to quickly filter to help with longer lists.

Faster still, you’d just type something in a search box and Spotlight would filter right to whatever you want.

Mapping Files to Photos

Back before iOS 6 launched, I did a series of mockups on how Files.app could map to Photos.app, FilePicker could map to ImagePicker, and File Stream could map to Photo Stream. From How Apple could provide direct document access in iOS 6:

We didn’t get better file handling in iOS 6, however. We got Passbook, a repository for tickets, cards, coupons, boarding passes, and more. And not without reason. From iOS 6 and why we got Passbook instead of Files.app:

It’s easy to see why Apple gave Passbook that attention as well — mobile ecommerce is going to be huge. Billions of dollars huge.

It’s already in use everywhere from Starbucks to Delta airlines, and it’s built in such a way that when/if Apple embraces radio transactions (be it via NFC or something else), Passbook should handle it as gracefully as CoreLocation handles GPS vs. Wi-Fi mapping. It’s good now and could be terrific in the future.

But file handling on iOS isn’t even good now, and needs to be terrific. It’s far more personal, and will drive far less revenue, but great file handling is the difference between an operating system being truly useful and truly frustrating. Android has intents and sharing, Windows Phone has contracts. There’s whole levels of app interoperability that iOS lacks at the moment.

Finding the future

I’ve evolved my thinking on Files.app and FilePicker somewhat since the pre-iOS 6 days. A flat repository with search, for example, is more future-proof than any single layer of folders or albums. A much better, more robust, and more useful version of Spotlight that has “just type” functionality similar to what webOS had, and BlackBerry 10 is rolling out, with the ability to see into iCloud and Files.app, would go a long way to making things easier and faster.

Apple could no doubt figure inter-app communication and file handling and do just enough to provide that functionality without compromising security.

The same way Apple knew “I want multitasking” was really “I want Pandora, Skype, and TomTom to work while I’m on the phone or browsing the web”, and did just enough to provide that functionality without compromising battery life, Apple could no doubt figure out “I want inter-app communication” is really “I want to open and send my files where and when I want to open and send them”, and do just enough to provide that functionality without compromising security.

Multitasking had a small group of different API, and inter-app communication would certainly require similar to truly address current pain points. Files.app and FilePicker would just be part of that, but an important, highly user-facing part. BackBoard, XPC, there are a lot of ways Apple could choose to handle these problems. I just hope screaming fast, ubiquitous file access is front and center come keynote time.

Bottom line

Six years into the mobile revolution iOS started and we’re still stuck at the gates when it comes to file handling on iPhone and iPad. With iCloud, the need only grew greater. With fresh blood in control of the product, perhaps this year we’ll see some movement. Perhaps rolled into more robust inter-app communications, perhaps on its own. Either way, I’ve been asking for it for a long time, other technologists have been asking for it for a long time, and other apps have tried to fill the gap that only system software can really fill.

What say you? Will iOS 7 finally be the time and version when great file handling comes to iOS? And if it does, will it be in the form of Files.app and FilePicker, something more, or something else?

    



Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheIphoneBlog/~3/Z6t0V0I6dHc/story01.htm

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Family Of Abused Nelson Boy Praised – national | Stuff.co.nz

May 12th, 2013 - 

The health board has praised the family of a severely intellectually disabled boy who raised allegations their son was being assaulted by a support worker.

Linda Pearl Ericson, 62, was yesterday found guilty of three of the six charges she faced of assaulting the then 16-year-old boy in her care. It was a re-trial after a jury last year was unable to come to a unanimous decision.

A jury of seven women and five men took about eight hours yesterday to reach its verdicts.

It was unable to reach unanimous decisions on five charges, but reached majority verdicts on the charges.

Ericson was remanded on bail for sentencing on June 26.

Ericson was the team leader in charge of the Stoke home which cared for the boy.

The boy cannot speak and has a severe intellectual disability, including Down syndrome and autism. He needs care from two support workers around the clock and is one of the most highly supported individuals in New Zealand. He can get aggressive, so carers are trained in non-violent crisis intervention.

The boy shifted from home to the house in 2009 and the Crown alleged during the two-day trial Ericson assaulted the boy soon after he shifted to the house.

Ericson denied the assaults and said her co-workers made them up.

The home was run by the Nelson Marlborough District Health Board’s Intellectual Disability Support Services.

During the trial the Crown said Ericson had hit and kicked the boy and had pulled his hair a number of times – including one time when she pulled him across the carpet by his hair.

The jury agreed the boy was assaulted by Ericson at Rabbit Island, and on another occasion, and that she had pulled his hair a number of times.

Four of Ericson’s co-workers testified that there was a work culture in IDSS where people were afraid to speak out and incident forms they filled out about the assaults went missing.

Disability Support Services general manager Keith Rusholme said yesterday the Nelson Marlborough District Health Board was grateful to the family of this client for continuing to raise the allegations of abuse within the service.

This had led to a thorough investigation and found the gaps in the system that the NMDHB have now corrected.

The health board carried out an independent review of IDSS last year.

That review revealed a culture where staff were afraid of laying complaints.

Staff also spoke of a culture that included bullying, confusion and a lack of professional standards.

The review said there was urgent need to manage the issues raised and recommended a management plan to deal with issues and to prepare for future service arrangements. The DHB is moving away from being directly responsible for providing disability support services.

It has more than 40 homes in Nelson where residents with disabilities are looked after.

Mr Rusholme said the management plan recommended in the review had been finalised and, of the 28 required actions in the management plan, 12 have been completed.

He said IDSS staff were responding very positively to the changes and were clearly providing good service to the people IDSS supported in their own homes.

He said the health board was very appreciative of how the service had responded to the challenges identified by the external report.

“We have zero tolerance for abuse within the service.”

Changes the Nelson Marlborough District Health Board has undertaken include: Abuse and neglect policies have been reviewed and revised training and a new staff orientation programme that includes these updates is being carried out.

The reporting system review is almost complete with staff training the key element to obtain maximum use.

The recruitment processes for team leaders has been overhauled to ensure the right people with the right skill base are employed.

The senior management structure is currently being reviewed to ensure consistency of management and better performance management. A pre-consultation process has been undertaken with staff to obtain feedback on the structure within DSS and plans are being developed to adjust the structure to ensure support teams are better supported.

The general manager has been meeting with all 59 teams individually over the last four months to discuss the external report, its recommendations, and proposed path forward.

The approach to resolving key issues has been modified to use a more staff inclusive working party model.

– ? Fairfax NZ News


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Source: http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/8661632/Family-of-abused-boy-praised

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Jon Stewart on the Great Benghazi Cover-Up (video) (Americablog)

May 11th, 2013 - 
Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics – Top Stories Stories, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/304668251?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Epigenomics of stem cells that mimic early human development charted

May 11th, 2013 - 

May 9, 2013 ? Scientists have long known that control mechanisms known collectively as “epigenetics” play a critical role in human development, but they did not know precisely how alterations in this extra layer of biochemical instructions in DNA contribute to development.

Now, in the first comprehensive analysis of epigenetic changes that occur during development, a multi-institutional group of scientists, including several from the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, has discovered how modifications in key epigenetic markers influence human embryonic stem cells as they differentiate into specialized cells in the body. The findings were published May 9 in Cell.

“Our findings help us to understand processes that occur during early human development and the differentiation of a stem cell into specialized cells, which ultimately form tissues in the body,” says co-lead author Joseph R. Ecker, a professor and director of Salk’s Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory and holder of the Salk International Council Chair in Genetics.

Scientists have established that the gene expression program encoded in DNA is carried out by proteins that bind to regulatory genes and modulate gene expression in response to environmental cues. Growing evidence now shows that maintenance of this process depends on epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation and chromatin modifications, biochemical processes that alter gene expression as cells divide and differentiate from embryonic stem cells into specific tissues. Epigenetic modifications — collectively known as the epigenome — control which genes are turned on or off without changing the letters of the DNA alphabet (A-T-C-G), providing cells with an additional tool to fine-tune how genes control the cellular machinery.

In their study, the Salk researchers and their collaborators from several prominent research institutions across the United States examined the beginning state of cells, before and after they developed into specific cell types. Starting with a single cell type — the H1 human embryonic stem cell, the most widely studied stem cell line to date — the team followed the cells’ epigenome from development to different cell states, looking at the dynamics in changes to epigenetic marks from one state to another. Were they methylated, an essential process for normal development, or unmethylated? What happened to the cells during development? What regulatory processes occurred in the cell lineage?

The scientists found sections of the DNA that activate regulatory genes, which in turn control the activity of other genes, tend to have different amounts of letters of the DNA alphabet, “C” and “G” specifically, depending on when these regulatory genes are turned on during development. Additionally, regulatory genes that control early development are often located on stretches of DNA called methylation valleys, or DMVs, that are generally CG rich and devoid of epigenetic chemical modifications known as methylation.

Consequently, these genes have to be regulated by another epigenetic mechanism, which the authors found were chemical changes called chromatin modifications. Chromatin is the mass of material — DNA and proteins — in a cell’s nucleus that helps to control gene expression.

On the other hand, genes active in more mature cells whose tissue type is already determined tend to be CG poor and regulated by DNA methylation. The results suggest that distinct epigenetic mechanisms regulate early and late states of embryonic stem cell differentiation.

“Epigenomic studies of how stem cells differentiate into distinct cell types are a great way to understand early development of animals,” says Ecker, who is also a Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Investigator. “If we understand how these cells’ lineages originate, we can understand if something goes right or wrong during differentiation. It’s a very basic study, but there are implications for being able to produce good quality cell types for various therapies.”

For example, says Matthew Schultz, a graduate student in Ecker’s lab, “understanding how development plays out normally could give us clues about how to reverse the process and turn normal adult cells into stem cells to regenerate tissues.”

One area where the findings may help is in the study of tumor development. In normal tissue, DMVs are unmethylated, but in cancer, especially breast, colon and lung cancer, they are hypermethylated, suggesting, says Ecker, that alterations in the DNA methylation machinery might be an important mechanism aiding tumor development. He says further investigation is required to develop a greater understanding of this process.

Other researchers on the study were Matthew D. Schultz, Ryan Lister, Joseph R. Nery, Mark A. Urich and Huaming Chen, from the Salk Institute; Wei Xie, Nisha Rajagopal, R. David Hawkins, Danny Leung, Ah Young Lee, Audrey Kim, Samantha Kuan, Chia-an Yen, Sarit Klugman, Lee E. Edsall, Ulrich Wagner, Yan Li, Zhen Ye and Bing Ren of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; Zhonggang Hou, Shulan Tian, Scott A. Swanson, Jiuchun Zhang, Pengzhi Yu, Nicholas E. Propson, Jessica E. Antosiewicz-Bourget, Ron Stewart and James A. Thomson of the Morgridge Institute for Research; Pradipta Ray Ashwinikumar Kulkarni, Zhenyu Xuan, Wen-Yu Chung and Michael Q. Zhang of the University of Texas at Dallas; John W. Whitaker, Hongbo Yang, Tao Wang, Yun Zhu, Neil C. Chi, and Wei Wang of the University of California, San Diego; and Kran Suknuntha and Igor Sluvkin of the University of Wisconsin.

The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health Epigenome Roadmap Project, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and the American Heart Association.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/E86AFfaqYI0/130509133155.htm

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Microsoft Mulling Nook Media LLC Purchase For $1 Billion

May 11th, 2013 - 

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Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/JkJ-UtbHZCo/

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G-7 to discuss ways to ‘nurture recovery’

May 10th, 2013 - 

LONDON (AP) ? Financial leaders from the world’s top seven economies are gathering in the U.K. this weekend to discuss how to shore up the global recovery just as the stimulus policy of one its members, Japan, has caused its currency to extend its slide against the dollar.

While the role of central banks in supporting the global economy is set to be a key point of discussion among officials attending the Group of Seven meeting of finance ministers and central bankers, most eyes will be focused on the yen and the uber-aggressive monetary policy being pursued by the Bank of Japan.

The dollar breached the 100 yen mark late Thursday ? for the first time in a little over four years. Over the past few months, the yen has dropped sharply as the new government in Japan tries to bring an end to the country’s two-decade stagnation, primarily by flooding the economy with money.

The country’s central bank has been pumping money in the hope of stoking inflation ? the country has seen prices fall for much of the last 20 years. As a consequence, the yen has been sold heavily.

So far there’s been a certain amount of support for Japan’s economic gamble ? even though the yen’s decline makes exports of other countries more expensive.

That’s led many in the markets to conclude that the Japanese monetary authorities are actually targeting the exchange rate, a charge officials have denied.

Nevertheless the talk of a currency war ? whereby countries use their exchange rates as an economic weapon ? has not died down. If other countries respond to the falling yen by debasing their currencies through more monetary easing, Japan will be back at square one and the world economy could suffer.

Sharp fluctuations in the value of currencies can hurt business confidence and investment. Ministers meeting this weekend will be keen to avoid any factor that could spark a currency war.

In an interview with CNBC, U.S. Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew said he was monitoring developments and that Japan had to play by the rules it has signed up to.

However, as long as Japan doesn’t directly target its exchange rate and stays “within the bounds” of international agreements, then Lew said the country has every right to deal with its underlying and long-standing economic problems.

Few in the markets expect much change in the G-7′s line on currencies from its last statement in February.

“Any remarks are set to remain along the lines of the well-worn mantra that markets should set exchange rates,” said Jane Foley, senior currency strategist at Rabobank International.

The yen’s weakness has been one of the hot international economic topics in recent months. Back in February, the G-7 said their domestic policies were “oriented” towards meeting certain domestic targets, and that no one was in the business of targeting exchange rates.

Ostensibly, the discussions through Saturday are intended to focus on making sure the global economy gains traction. In recent weeks, markets have calmed down amid signs of improvement in the U.S. economy, a seeming calming in Europe’s debt crisis as well as confidence over Japan’s economic journey.

British finance minister George Osborne said the main task officials face over the coming two days at a country house around 50 miles (80 kilometers) northwest of London is how to “nurture” the recovery.

“The G-7 is an opportunity to consider what more monetary activism can do to support the recovery, while ensuring medium-term inflation expectations remained anchored,” said Osborne, who will be hosting the event alongside the Bank of England’s governor Mervyn King.

Osborne suggested that this “activism” may involve “targeted interventions” to support lending in weak parts of the economy. The U.K. treasury chief noted that the European Central Bank had already started consultations on how best to boost lending to small and medium-sized enterprises ? the key engines of economic growth and employment.

The U.S.’s Lew said the discussions should center on how to boost growth and generate jobs. He said the U.S. economy was healing but not at a fast enough pace. “We’re moving in the right direction but while growth is encouraging it’s not sufficient,” he said.

He singled out Europe as a laggard and said there was a need for policymakers there to get the right balance between austerity and growth.

“We’re not arguing whether we need to get our fiscal house in order, we all need to do that, the question is when and how,” Lew said.

In a hint that Germany should do more, the Treasury Secretary added that some countries have “more fiscal space” than others to boost demand. Many economists argue that Germany ? the government and its people ? should be spending more to stimulate growth across the rest of the eurozone. Europe’s largest economy is running a budget surplus, albeit a fairly small one, as well as a current account surplus that is equivalent to around 6 percent of its annual gross domestic product.

Central banks have played an increasingly active role in trying to help the global economy recover from what is widely considered to be its biggest shock since World War II.

Interest rates have been slashed ? to near zero percent in some cases ? and new money-creation policies have been introduced, notably from the U.S. Federal Reserve and the Bank of England.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/g-7-discuss-ways-nurture-recovery-085916346.html

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Leopards found extinct in Taiwan as public begins to growl

May 8th, 2013 - 

A team of zoologists have been looking for the Formosan clouded leopard, indigenous to Taiwan, for 13 years. Last week they announced it was extinct.

By Ralph Jennings,?Correspondent / May 6, 2013

The news that the clouded leopards that once prowled the lowlands of Taiwan have become extinct here has prompted expressions of concern among an increasingly conservationist public.

Skip to next paragraph Ralph Jennings

Taiwan Correspondent

Ralph Jennings has covered news in China, Taiwan and Southeast Asia for the past 14 years. He lives in Taipei and holds a degree in mass communication from the University of California in Berkeley.?

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The Formosan clouded leopard, a subspecies of large cats, probably died out here some 100 years ago, Taiwan university researchers determined after a four-year study found no photos, fur, or paw prints in a preserve considered their most likely home.

The news has led many Taiwanese to question the side-effects of the island?s economic development. In turn, animal advocates say this examination has fueled conservation movements. ?

?A lot of people have said they are disappointed and find our discovery quite regrettable,? says Kurtis Pei, a study leader from National Pingtung University of Science and Technology?s Institute of Wildlife Conservation. ?Some say they hope not just to feel regret but to do something to save other animals.?

Mr. Pei and five other researchers set up cameras and catnip-baited hair traps, and trolled the jungle for the Formosan clouded leopards from 2000 to 2004, spending the time since then to analyze data in an area that was later made impassable by typhoons. The team took 16,000 photos in 400 spots, Pei says. They also looked for paw prints and fur. Still, despite their efforts, they found no trace of the meter-long cats named for their large cloudlike spots.

?There hasn?t been any evidence of their continued existence,? he says.?

The results announced last week confirm a 1985 study that also found no traces of the animal, which is indigenous to Taiwan. Pei says urbanization, farming, poaching, and industry pushed the species from its native lowland hills into poorer habitat in the mountains. The last piece of evidence of their existence here was a picture in a Japanese colonist?s diary dated 1910.

Researchers had held out hope that the species, which is still found in other parts of Asia, could still exist here, too.

The main species of clouded leopards is considered vulnerable to extinction in the?Himalayas. The Bornean clouded leopard, another species, lives on Borneo and Sumatra in Indonesia and is also considered vulnerable.

As much of Taiwan?s public places priority in urban economic successes, few saw animals as relevant to their lives until this news, activists in Taipei say.?

?Awareness of conservation is better than before but still lacking,? says Chu Tseng-hung, executive director of the conservationist group Environment and Animal Society of Taiwan. Reaction often comes down to exposure, he adds. ?With clouded leopards, if you have never seen one, you won?t have any reaction now,? he says.?

Activists hope the clouded leopard case will be an incentive to help save other species here.

Wild animals such as the leopard and Formosan black bear are now threatened by poaching plus development that dominates all but the east coast and high interior mountains. Taiwan, at 634 people per square kilometer, has one of the world?s densest populations. (It?s about the size of the state of Maryland, but has a population of 23 million.) Leopard cats number about 500 and the bears closer to 1,000.?

Whether a groundswell of people will be able to save other species depends on whether activists take this opportunity to get the word out, says Sean McCormack, cofounder of the Taiwan SPCA. ?When the Taiwanese are aware of issues, they get behind them 100 percent,? he says.?

The clouded leopard research team may need support for reintroducing clouded leopards by bringing in a starter population from elsewhere in Asia, Pei says. He hopes to stir up more popular enthusiasm, as the government would need to sign off as well. ?Just for scholars to discuss the issue isn?t that helpful,? Pei says.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/3Qgz5qXmd1s/Leopards-found-extinct-in-Taiwan-as-public-begins-to-growl

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Mother’s Day: why we should be thanking Louisa May Alcott and Marmee

May 8th, 2013 - 

Biographer Eve LaPlante praises Louisa May Alcott and her mother Abigail (model for ‘Marmee’ in ‘Little Women’) as ‘foremothers’ ? who paved the way for modern women.

By Eve LaPlante,?Contributor / May 6, 2013

Louisa May Alcott learned from her mother, Abigail, to think of women as equal to any man.

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This weekend, as we pay tribute to mothers, we should remember not only the women who nurtured us ? mothers, grandmothers, stepmothers, aunts, and teachers ? but also the brave maternal figures of the past who paved our way. For centuries, female activists and writers struggled, often without public recognition, for the freedoms we enjoy today. In a nation replete with founding fathers, it seems necessary to acknowledge foremothers, too.

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I?ve been inspired by Louisa May Alcott and her mother, the model for ?Marmee? in Alcott?s 1868 classic, “Little Women.” Alcott was childless but gave readers a good deal of motherly advice. Unlike most of her peers, Alcott believed girls should have the same opportunities as boys. Jo March, her teenage alter ego, promises to ?do something splendid? with her life, ?something heroic, or wonderful ? that won?t be forgotten after I?m dead.? Alcott herself envisioned a future world in which women would have the same public rights as men, to vote, travel, speak out, and run governments. During her final decade, she used the bully pulpit of her celebrity to urge girls and women to assert their rights.

?Wait for no man,? Alcott advised her readers in 1877, when it was still improper for a woman to walk outside unescorted by a man. Young women should educate themselves through travel, she wrote. A lengthy European tour she had taken with a sister and a female friend ?proved,? despite ?prophecies to the contrary,? that women could travel ?unprotected safely over land and sea … experience two revolutions, an earthquake, an eclipse, and a flood? and yet encounter ?no disappointment.? Assuming a motherly tone, Alcott wrote, ?We respectfully advise all timid sisters now lingering doubtfully on shore, to strap up their bundles in light marching order, and push boldly off. They will need no protector but their own courage, no guide but their own good sense…. Bring home empty trunks, if you will, but heads full of new and larger ideas, hearts richer in the sympathy that makes the whole world kin, hands readier to help on the great work God gives humanity.?

Where did Alcott learn to think this way? Not from Dr. Johnson, who encouraged young men to explore the world, but from her mother, who was also her mentor and muse. Abigail May Alcott, born in 1800, was raised, to her regret, without formal schooling. Expected only to marry and raise a family, Abigail watched with longing as her brother received a ?man?s education? to prepare for a career. ?Stand up among your fellow men,? their father admonished her brother on his college graduation. ?Improve your advantages. Go anywhere.?

Eighteen-year-old Abigail refused the hand of a man her father selected and then left home for a year to study with a friend of her brother?s. ?I have undertaken? Latin, she informed her parents. Thrilled to translate a chapter of the Latin New Testament into English each Sunday, she confided, ?If I should not succeed I should be mortified to have you know it. I wish my pride was subdued as regards this. I am not willing to be thought incapable of any thing.?

This determination would prove invaluable. At nearly 30 she proposed to the oddball reformer Bronson Alcott, with whom she had a difficult marriage and four daughters. Through three decades of poverty and intermittent homelessness, Abigail worked as a seamstress and social worker, encouraged her daughters? education and careers, and dedicated herself to ending slavery and securing the vote for women.

A woman can accomplish as much as a man, Abigail May Alcott told her daughters so often they came to believe her. ?Be something in yourself,? she advised every young woman she met. ?Educate yourself up to your senses. I say to all the dear girls, keep up! Let the world feel that you are on its surface, alive!?

All her life Abigail May Alcott felt the absence of her father?s advice to a son: Stand up among your fellow men. Improve your advantages. Go anywhere.

With a fierce maternal love, she conveyed to her daughters a similar message, which Louisa relayed to us: Educate yourself up to your senses. Be something in yourself. Let the world know you are alive. Push boldly off. Wait for no man. Have heads full of new and larger ideas. And proceed to the great work God gives humanity.

Let us give thanks for our foremothers on Mother?s Day. Most are forgotten or hidden, and nearly all lacked political power. But we owe them gratitude for the sacrifices they made for their daughters, sacrifices that inspire us today.

Eve LaPlante is the author of the biographies “American Jezebel: The Uncommon Life of Anne Hutchinson, the Woman Who Defied the Puritans” and “Marmee & Louisa: The Untold Story of Louisa May Alcott and Her Mother” as well as two other nonfiction books.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/vFTiEoV-s2s/Mother-s-Day-why-we-should-be-thanking-Louisa-May-Alcott-and-Marmee

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